[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/jak-dokonaly-je-lidsky-mozek\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/jak-dokonaly-je-lidsky-mozek\/","headline":"Jak dokonal\u00fd je lidsk\u00fd mozek","name":"Jak dokonal\u00fd je lidsk\u00fd mozek","description":"N\u00e1\u0161 mozek je velice slo\u017eit\u00fd org\u00e1n, a pr\u00e1v\u011b mozkem se odli\u0161ujeme od v\u011bt\u0161iny jin\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Proto\u017ee ten n\u00e1\u0161 je vyvinut\u00fd tak jako \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd, ne. Lidsk\u00fd mozek se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9 hmoty mozkov\u00e9. \u0160ed\u00e1 hmota mozkov\u00e1 je na povrchu mozkov\u00fdch hemisf\u00e9r a je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e1 z t\u011bl neuron\u016f. Tato t\u011bla vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 […]","datePublished":"2024-11-10","dateModified":"2024-11-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aa13f0f1a5b61a2deba1492ce3bb4afe8e77d91eeb44c23db0ee08765a93abad?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aa13f0f1a5b61a2deba1492ce3bb4afe8e77d91eeb44c23db0ee08765a93abad?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"wasy.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/smoke-5129777_640(1).jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/smoke-5129777_640(1).jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.wasy.cz\/jak-dokonaly-je-lidsky-mozek\/","about":["Produkty"],"wordCount":430,"articleBody":"         N\u00e1\u0161 mozek je velice slo\u017eit\u00fd org\u00e1n, a pr\u00e1v\u011b mozkem se odli\u0161ujeme od v\u011bt\u0161iny jin\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Proto\u017ee ten n\u00e1\u0161 je vyvinut\u00fd tak jako \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd, ne. Lidsk\u00fd mozek se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9 hmoty mozkov\u00e9. \u0160ed\u00e1 hmota mozkov\u00e1 je na povrchu mozkov\u00fdch hemisf\u00e9r a je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e1 z t\u011bl neuron\u016f. Tato t\u011bla vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e1 se spojuj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b hmotu b\u00edlou. B\u00edlou hmotu si tak m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159edstavit jako ur\u010dit\u00e9 svazky, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 struktury mozku a m\u00edchy. N\u00e1\u0161 mozek je tvo\u0159en ze dvou hemisf\u00e9r, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jedna z nich je v\u017edy dominantn\u00ed.U prav\u00e1k\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 dominantn\u00ed lev\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra, u lev\u00e1k\u016f tato dominance nen\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e1, ale d\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159eva\u017euje hemisf\u00e9ra prav\u00e1. Kv\u016fli tomu, jak se mozek vyv\u00edjel v n\u011bm m\u016f\u017eeme identifikovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 star\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edl\u00edme i s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u017eivo\u010dichy. Jedn\u00e1 se o oblasti, kter\u00e9 se staraj\u00ed o \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce jako je d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed potravy, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a tak d\u00e1le. Hlavn\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm rozd\u00edlem mezi na\u0161\u00edm mozkem a mozkem jin\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je takzvan\u011b gyrifikace. Jedn\u00e1 se o ur\u010dit\u00e9 na\u0159asen\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 hmoty, tak\u017ee do pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9 mozkovny se vejde relativn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozek. V lidsk\u00e9m mozku m\u016f\u017eeme identifikovat centra, kter\u00e1 jsou specifick\u00e1 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aktivity nebo \u010dinnosti. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00edsta odm\u011bny. I tyto struktury pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ty star\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o m\u00edsta, ve kter\u00fdch je k\u00f3dov\u00e1no na\u0161e chov\u00e1n\u00ed pro syst\u00e9m \u00fakol\u016f a odm\u011bny. Co to znamen\u00e1? Pokud vykon\u00e1me ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fakol, p\u0159ijde odm\u011bna, pokud spln\u00edme n\u011bco, co n\u00e1m bylo zad\u00e1no, p\u0159ijde odm\u011bna. Toto je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed k\u00e1men. Tyto struktury jsou v mozku zapojeny tak\u00e9 do vzniku z\u00e1vislost\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b drogy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ur\u010ditou odm\u011bnu, jak\u00fdsi \u201ep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd pocit\u201c. Mezi z\u00e1vislosti \u0159ad\u00edme tak\u00e9 kou\u0159en\u00ed. Kou\u0159en\u00ed (hlavn\u011b vodn\u00ed d\u00fdmky) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eovan\u00e9 v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b za ur\u010dit\u00fd postoj. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jednotliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti vodn\u00ed d\u00fdmky, jako je hadice na vodn\u00ed d\u00fdmku nebo jin\u00e9, by dne\u0161n\u00ed mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 ozna\u010dili jako \u201eflex\u201c.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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